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№1.
Soil requirements of rye are not as exacting (взыскательный ) as those of other small grains. It is more productive on infertile, sandy, or acid soils than wheat, oats, or barley.
There exist both winter and spring varieties of rye. However, the latter are less productive than the former and are grown to only a limited extent. Spring rye should be sown at the time spring wheat is seeded, i.e., when the ground can be worked. The time of seeding winter rye will depend on the use to be made of the crop.
The usual depth of seeding is from 1/2 to
№2. CROP PRODUCTION
Crops are plants which have been carefully selected and developed by man. They produce food for people and animals. In all countries of the world crop production has been and will always be an important branch of economy.
There are different practices of crop cultivation on farms, and it depends on many factors in-what way the crop should be grown and harvested. But the aim is always the same: to produce high yields of farm crops as economically as possible. This is of great importance nowadays, as the world population is constantly growing at a rapid rate. Agriculturists of all countries must solve the problem how to provide the increasing supplies of high quality food for people.
Food production can be raised in two ways: either by cultivation of new lands or by the increase in yields on the same agricultural area. In traditional agriculture the first way was more popular. Nowadays yield increases are mostly obtained by introduction of new and improved varieties, by better use of fertilizers, better control of pests and diseases, chemical weed control. Yields may also be increased by application of unproved cultural practices, irrigation and drainage, by rapid improvements in mechanization of such operations as seedbed preparation, planting, harvesting, and storage. In some cases a combination of these factors is necessary.
These methods of yield increases have been developed both from the achievements of natural and biological sciences and from practical experience and experiments.
№ 3. CROP VARIETIES
Crop production depends on different factors. Many of them cannot be controlled by man, but some of them can.
One of the important factors of high crop production depending on the fanner is selection of the best varieties. The most popular varieties for the area are those which produce high yields of high quality product. These varieties should also be resistant to pest and diseases which are often a problem in many regions.
Information on the most important crops grown in the area may be obtained from regional experiment stations. They inform farm agronomists about yields, quality, disease resistance and other characteristics of different varieties. On the base of such information the agronomists select the varieties for their farms.
But as it is not possible to select ideal varieties, much work is done on their improvement. The aim of such improvement is development of a variety with combination of all the necessary characteristics.
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